Ovarian Cysts
Overview
Ovarian cysts are common benign formations filled with fluid, which in most cases are functional and spontaneously disappear without treatment. Larger or symptomatic cysts may cause pelvic pain, and complications such as torsion or rupture require urgent intervention, while diagnosis is based on ultrasound examination and monitoring.Symptoms
- ovary pain during ovulation
- pain or heaviness in the pelvis
- follicle retention
Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that form in or on the ovaries.
They are very common and in the vast majority of cases are benign и functional, i.e., they are related to the normal menstrual cycle. Functional cysts usually disappear on their own within a few weeks. Cysts not associated with the cycle include dermoid cysts, endometriomas (in endometriosis), and cystadenomas.
Symptoms and Complications
Many cysts are asymptomatic. When symptoms are present, they include dull pelvic pain or heaviness, often on one side, as well as menstrual irregularities. Sudden, severe pain is a sign of an acute complication – ovarian torsion or rupture of the cyst, which requires immediate medical attention.
Diagnosis and Treatment
The diagnosis is primarily made through pelvic ultrasound , which determines their size and nature. Treatment depends on the type, size, and symptoms. For small, functional cysts, active monitoring with a follow-up ultrasound is applied. Oral contraceptives may be used to prevent the formation of new cysts. Surgical removal (laparoscopy) is recommended for large cysts that cause severe symptoms, do not resolve, or are suspected to be malignant.
Synonyms: Ovarian cyst, Water cyst, Ovarian mass, Functional cyst
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