Uveitis

Uveitis is inflammation inside the eye. The inflammation usually occurs when the immune system fights an infection. Sometimes uveitis means that the immune system is fighting an eye infection, but it can also occur when the immune system attacks healthy tissue in the eyes. Uveitis can cause issues such as pain, redness, and vision loss. Uveitis damages the part of the eye called the uvea but often affects other parts of the eye as well. Sometimes uveitis resolves quickly, but it can recur. And sometimes it is a chronic (long-term) condition and can be associated with systemic diseases (Behcet’s, Ankylosing spondylitis, lupus rheumatoid arthritis). It can affect one eye or both eyes.

What is the uvea?

The uvea is the middle layer of the eye between the sclera (the white part of the eye) and the retina (the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye). It consists of 3 parts:

• Iris (the colored part of the eye)
• Ciliary body (the part of the eye that helps the lens focus)
• Choroid (the part of the eye that connects the retina to the sclera)

What are the types of uveitis?

Different types of uveitis affect different parts of the eye.
Anterior uveitis affects the iris at the front of the eye. This is the most common type and is usually milder.
Intermediate uveitis affects the ciliary body and the vitreous (gel-like fluid that fills the eye).
Posterior uveitis affects the retina and choroid at the back of the eye.
Panuveitis affects all parts of the uvea, from the front to the back of the eye.

What are the symptoms of uveitis?

Early symptoms of uveitis usually start suddenly. Symptoms include:

• Blurred vision
• Floaters (small dark spots or wavy lines that float in your field of vision)
• Eye pain
• Red eyes
• Sensitivity to light

If you notice these symptoms, see your ophthalmologist immediately. Uveitis can lead to vision loss if left untreated.

How is uveitis treated?

Before undergoing treatment, consult your eye doctor. Medications, most often steroids, are prescribed to reduce inflammation in the eye. This can relieve symptoms and prevent vision loss. Your ophthalmologist may prescribe steroids in several different forms: eye drops, pills, or injections. In some cases, your ophthalmologist may administer the steroid in or around your eye with a small needle.

Steroids can have side effects and increase the risk of cataracts and glaucoma. If you are taking steroids for uveitis, it is important to undergo regular eye examinations to check for signs of these issues. Your treatment plan will depend on several factors—such as which part of your eye is affected and other health conditions you may have.

 Synonyms: High sensitivity to light, Redness around the iris, Eye inflammation, Iridocyclitis