Allergic Rhinitis
Overview
Allergic rhinitis is one of the most common chronic illnesses in ENT practice. It is characterized by hypersensitivity of the nasal mucosa to various allergens and significantly worsens the quality of life. The condition can be seasonal or perennial and is often associated with symptoms such as nasal congestion, sneezing, and itching.Symptoms
- stuffy nose
- discharge
- difficulty breathing
- pressure in the nose
- chronic rhinitis
WHAT IS
Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory reaction of the nasal mucosa triggered by contact with allergens such as pollen, dust, mites, animal hair, or molds. The immune system overreacts, leading to swelling and increased secretion in the nasal cavity.
TYPES
- Seasonal allergic rhinitis
- Perennial allergic rhinitis
- Mixed type allergic rhinitis
CAUSES
The main cause of the development of allergic rhinitis is contact with allergens in genetically predisposed individuals. Risk factors include:
- Family predisposition
- Presence of allergies or asthma
- Increased levels of IgE
- Exposure to dust, pollen, and household allergens
SYMPTOMS
- Nasal congestion
- Watery nasal discharge
- Sneezing
- Itching in the nose and eyes
- Reduced sense of smell
TREATMENT
Treatment includes avoiding allergens and medical therapy. The following are applied:
- Antihistamine medications
- Intranasal corticosteroid sprays
- Nasal rinses
- Immunotherapy for certain patients
SYNONYMS: Vasomotor rhinitis, chronic rhinitis, medication-induced rhinitis, non-allergic rhinitis, chronic nasal congestion
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