Peripheral Neuropathy
Overview
Peripheral neuropathy is a serious condition in which the communication network between the central nervous system and the body is disrupted due to nerve fiber damage. It is most often a progressive complication of diabetes, starting with barely noticeable tingling in the feet, but if left uncontrolled, it can lead to complete loss of sensation, chronic pain, and muscle weakness, affecting quality of life and mobility.Symptoms
- impaired sensitivity
- tingling
- numbness
- burning pain
- weakness
- cramps
Peripheral neuropathy is a condition that arises from damage to the peripheral nerves, which carry information between the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) and the rest of the body (arms, legs, internal organs).
This damage disrupts communication, affecting sensory (sensitivity), motor (movement), or autonomic (involuntary functions) nerves, or a combination of these.
Causes and Symptoms
The most common cause of peripheral neuropathy worldwide is uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (diabetic neuropathy), due to high blood sugar levels that damage nerve fibers. Other causes include autoimmune diseases, trauma, infections, vitamin deficiencies (especially B-group), exposure to toxins, and certain medications.
Symptoms usually start in the extremities (fingers, feet) and can spread upwards. They include:
- Impaired sensitivity: Numbness, tingling, burning sensation, or total loss of sensitivity.
- Pain: Sharp, stabbing, or burning pain.
- Motor disorders: Muscle weakness, cramps, and loss of muscle mass.
Diagnosis and Treatment
The diagnosis is made through a neurological examination and specific tests such as electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCS), which assess nerve function.
Treatment is aimed at:
- Addressing the underlying cause: Strict blood sugar control in diabetes or correcting vitamin deficiency.
- Relieving pain: Specific medications, such as anticonvulsants (e.g., Gabapentin) or certain antidepressants, are used to help manage nerve pain.
- Physiotherapy: To maintain muscle strength and function.
Synonyms: Polyneuropathy, Nerve damage, Peripheral nerve degeneration
Related Medical Services
Neurology
At the neurology office of the Pentagram Medical Center, we offer diagnosis and treatment of diseases affecting the central and peripheral nervous systems. We treat and monitor conditions such as headaches and migraines, dizziness, neuralgia, peripheral neuropathies, sleep disorders, parkinsonian syndromes, strokes, and other.
Learn More