Iridocyclitis affects young people more often

Iridocyclitis is a condition that is rarely discussed, but it can lead to very serious complications, including pupil adhesion (so-called synechiae – adhesions between the pupil edge and the anterior surface of the lens), secondary glaucoma and complicated cataracts (cloudy lens).
About what iridocyclitis is, what provokes it, and which symptoms we should be particularly cautious about, explains Dr. Kristian Stefanov, a specialist at the Specialized Eye Clinic “PENTAGRAM”.

Iridocyclitis, or anterior uveitis, is an inflammation of the anterior segment of the eye, affecting the iris (the colored part of the eye) and the ciliary body (the structure responsible for accommodation, focusing, and production of intraocular fluid).

Young people are more commonly affected. The condition occurs acutely, often recurs, and becomes chronic.

CAUSES OF IRIDOCYCLITIS
The etiological reasons for anterior uveitis are numerous, with a major role played by endogenous causes and accompanying autoimmune diseases. Often, anterior uveitis is the first manifestation of a previously undiagnosed autoimmune disease. Etiological factors may also include viruses (herpes viral infection), bacteria (after trauma), and parasites.

Determining the etiology of anterior uveitis is often a challenge for ophthalmologists and requires thorough clinical research and collaboration with specialists from other fields (rheumatologists, infectious disease specialists, etc.).

SYMPTOMS
The leading symptoms of the condition are eye redness, pain, and reduced vision, but since the condition requires differential diagnostic distinction from conjunctivitis (eye discharge present) and acute glaucoma attack (high intraocular pressure), it is imperative to consult and be examined by an ophthalmologist, due to the different treatments for these conditions.

TREATMENT
The treatment includes steroid and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications in the form of eye drops or systemic administration. Often, the therapy also includes drops to dilate the pupil (reducing pain, preventing pupil adhesions, and providing rest for the iris and ciliary body). After identifying the cause, specific therapy is applied – respectively antibiotics, antiviral, antifungal preparations, and others.

POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS
A common complication is pupil adhesion (so-called synechiae – adhesions between the pupil edge and the anterior surface of the lens), secondary glaucoma andcomplicated cataract (clouding of the lens).In these cases, surgical treatment is carried out after the inflammation is under control.

ADVICE FOR PATIENTS:

• The diagnosis of anterior uveitis is based primarily on clinical methods – a complete ophthalmological examination, and for further specification of the cause, a number of specialized laboratory and imaging tests will be assigned by your treating ophthalmologist.

• Consult an eye specialist at the first symptoms – pain, blurry vision, redness, and sensitivity to light.
• Do not self-medicate with drops without consultation.
• Strictly follow the prescribed treatment.
• Attend follow-up examinations, even if the symptoms subside.
• Act quickly in case of a recurrence – early treatment prevents complications.

***
Dr. Kristiyan Stefanov is a second-year ophthalmology resident, with interests in the field of cataract surgery, diagnosis, and treatment of anterior and posterior segment eye diseases. You can read more about him here: https://pentagram2012.com/en/team/kristiyan-stefanov/

The eye specialists at ‘PENTAGRAM’ provide consultations with an NHIF referral, through health funds, or for a fee. To book an appointment: ONLINE or call 0700 91 191.